(Q)Is Jumu'ah prayer obligatory for women too, or only for men? How should a woman pray? I am a woman and I do not have any place in the mosque. Can I pray Jumu’ah at home by myself? Will I attain the reward for Jumu’ah?.
(Q)Congregational Prayer: Is it Mandatory for muslim Women?
(Q)Are women allowed to pray Friday Prayer? If not, please provide evidence from the Qur’an. I am a new Muslimah and people are telling me that women are not allowed to go to Friday Prayer. I need a reference from the Qur'an if this is true.
Dear sisters in Islam, thanks a lot for your questions,which reflects your care to have a clear view of the teachings of Islam. Allah commands Muslims to refer to knowledgeable people to become well acquainted with the teachings of Islam in all aspects of life.
First of all, it should be clear that it is certainly permissible for women to pray the Friday Jumu`ah Prayer in the mosque even if it is not obligatory for them.
Jumu’ah prayer is not obligatory for women
Women used to attend the Jumu`ah and other prayers in the mosque of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) during his lifetime. So, it is incorrect to say that women are not allowed to do so, as there is nothing in the sources of the Shari`ah to indicate otherwise.
In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
All praise and thanks are due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon His Messenger.
The scholars are agreed that Jumu’ah prayer is not obligatory for women, and that they may pray four rak’ahs of Zuhr in their homes.
Ibn al-Mundhir (may Allaah have mercy on him) says in al-Ijmaa’ (no. 52):
They are unanimously agreed that Jumu’ah is not obligatory for women. End quote.
The evidence for that is the hadeeth of Taariq ibn Shihaab (may Allaah be pleased with him) according to which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Jumu’ah is a duty that is required of every Muslim in congregation, except four: a slave, a woman, a child or one who is sick.” Narrated by Abu Dawood 91067). Al-Nawawi said in al-Majmoo’ (4/482): its isnaad is saheeh according to the conditions of the two Shaykhs (al-Bukhaari and Muslim). Ibn Rajab said in Fath al-Baari (5/327): its isnaad is saheeh. Ibn Katheer said in Irshaad al-Faqeeh (1/190): its isnaad is jayyid. It was also classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Jaami’ (3111).
The reason why Jumu’ah is not obligatory for women is that sharee’ah does not encourage women to attend places where men gather, because of the negative consequences to which that may lead, as happens nowadays in many workplaces where men and women mix. Like Badaa’i’ al-Sanaa’i’ (1/258).
If a woman adheres to the shar’i conditions for her going out to the mosque, such as not wearing adornments and perfume, then there is nothing wrong with her attending Jumu’ah prayers in the mosque and praying two rak’ahs behind the imam, in which case she does not need to pray Zuhr.
Ibn al-Mundhir (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in al-Ijmaa’ (no. 52, 53):
They are unanimously agreed that if women join the imam and pray with him, that is sufficient for them.
Ibn Qudaamah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in al-Mughni (2/88):
But if she prays Jumu’ah it is valid, because for women to pray in congregation is valid, as the women used to pray with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in congregation.
With regard to praying Jumu’ah in the home on one’s own, this is not valid for either a man or a woman, because Jumu’ah prayer is only valid when done in congregation, as stated in the hadeeth of the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) quoted above: “Jumu’ah is a duty that is required of every Muslim in congregation.”
If a group wanted to pray Jumu’ah in the house, this is also not valid, because Jumu’ah prayer is prescribed in order for the Muslims to gather together in one place for prayer and to listen to the khutbah and benefit from it. Hence it is not permissible for there to be numerous Jumu’ah prayers in one city unless there is a need for that, such as if the city is very large or there is no jaami’ mosque that can hold all the people.
Based on this, if you do not go to the mosque to pray Jumu’ah, then you should pray Zuhr at home.
It says in Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah (7/337):
If a woman prays Jumu’ah with the imam, that is sufficient and she does not have to pray Zuhr; it is not permissible for her to pray Zuhr that day. But if she prays on her own then she can only pray Zuhr, and she cannot pray Jumu’ah.
It is better for a woman to pray Zuhr in her house, because of the general meaning of the words of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): “Do not prevent your women from going to the mosques, although their houses are better for them.” Narrated by Abu Dawood (567); classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh Abi Dawood.
If she wants to go to Jumu’ah, then she has to avoid perfume and adornments, and not crowd together with men in the streets.
Congregational Prayer: Is it Mandatory?
A Woman Leading Other Women in Prayer
Woman Acting as Imam in Prayer: Valid?
It is certainly permissible for women to pray the Friday Prayer; it is therefore totally absurd to say that they are not allowed to do so. Since there is nothing whatsoever either in the Qur'an, or in the authentic Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to indicate otherwise, no human being possesses the right to say so.
It is a well-known fact that women used to attend prayers including that of Friday at the Prophet's Mosque during his time. As a matter of fact, many of those women from among the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did so consistently that they memorized entire surahs of the Qur'an from the Prophet's mouth as he was in the habit of reciting them during sermons and prayer.
The practice of women attending the prayers continues to this day in the Prophet's Mosque; the same has been the consistent practice in the Sacred Mosque in Makkah. This can be verified by anyone going for Hajj or `Umrah, for it is a common sight of women praying all over the Haram sanctuary in Makkah just as men do.
This being the case, how can anyone dare to say that women are not allowed to attend Prayers in the mosque? Are we then implying that it is OK for them to go to the Prophet's Mosque or the Haram in Makkah but not to other mosques? Are our mosques holier?
Furthermore, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) also clearly forbade men from banning women from mosques. He said, "Don’t stop the maid servants of Allah (that is, women) from coming to mosques of Allah." (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
Having said this, I must add that women in Islam are not obligated to pray at the mosque if they are burdened by their duties of nurturing and caring for their little ones. Women are thus absolved of this obligation solely because of the compassion of Islam. But, in such a case, according to the laws of the Shari`ah, they are duly compensated for their absence from mosques because of the nobler task they are engaged in at home.
This exception, however, must never be used by men against women to prevent them from coming to mosques, especially if they are not in the above situation.
Based on these, women are definitely allowed to attend mosques and participate in mosque-related activities. As scholars such as Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi and others have stated that in this day and age when chances for proper spiritual and moral education are becoming ever scarce, it would be highly recommended for women to come to mosques and derive the spiritual and educational benefits just as men do.
May Allah grant us the wisdom to recognize truth as truth and follow it; may He grant us the wisdom to recognize error as error and shun it, Ameen.
Allah Almighty knows best.
Be My witness Oh Allah That I have conveyed the message!!!
AssalamuAlaykumWarahmatulahiWabarakatuh
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